In this article I'm going to show you a few common patterns for client authentication based on tokens, and how can they be implemented in a Python API back end. This method of authentication works well for rich clients, like JavaScript-based front end applications running in the browser, or perhaps a command-line (CLI) application.

I have written about Authentication several times on this blog, so this article is a bit different. Since I have already provided a few authentication projects in previous articles and in my open source projects, in this article I'm going to go over all the considerations you have to take into account when deciding how to best implement authentication for your own API project.

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When you compare Python and JavaScript async code, you may think they are very much alike, since both use the async/await pattern. In reality, there is a significant difference between the two, which in my opinion, makes the JavaScript async model superior to Python's.

Do you want to know what the difference is, and how to make async Python work like async JavaScript? Watch or read on for the details!

The WebSocket protocol was standardized 10 years ago (in 2011, can you believe it?) so I'm sure for many of it you does not need an introduction. But in case you are not familiar with it, WebSocket is an extension to the HTTP protocol that provides a permanent, bi-directional communication channel between a client and the server, where both sides can send and receive data in real time, free of the constraints of the request/response cycle of HTTP.

Flask, being a minimalist web framework, does not have WebSocket support built-in. The old Flask-Sockets extension, which has not been maintained in the last few years, provided support for this protocol. My own Flask-SocketIO extension has also been a favorite, but this is Socket.IO, which is a more complex protocol that combines WebSocket and HTTP.

The good news is that if you are using Flask 2 you now have a new extension (also created by myself) called Flask-Sock, which provides modern WebSocket support for your application. In this article I'm going to show you how to work with this extension.

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In this article I'm going to show you how to implement an order page for your Flask application that you can use to sell products or services online. The solution I'm going to present to you uses Stripe Checkout, a secure and easy to use credit card charging service that integrates nicely with Flask.

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Most database problems go unnoticed during development, because we tend to code our applications using small datasets. It is when the application has been on production for some time that database performance issues start to appear, causing parts of the application to become slower and slower as the database continues to grow.

How do you debug and identify this type of problems? In this article I'm going to show you how to fix the most common database performance problems, which are those that are caused by improper indexing. Examples for Postgres, MySQL and SQLite are included!

This article was voted by my supporters on Patreon. Would you like to support my work, and as a thank you be able to vote on my future articles and have access to a chat room where I hang out and answer questions? Become a Patron!

This is the third part in my series about unit testing Python applications. In this article I'm going to show you some of the techniques I use when I work with Python web applications. For the examples in this article I will be using the Flask framework (I know, what a surprise!), but the concepts I'll show you are universal and can be applied to other frameworks as well.

While this is the first article in the series that covers web applications, I will be applying many of the ideas and solutions I shared in the first and second parts, so be sure to check those out first, even if you are only interested in web applications.

I'm excited to share that I've completed a revision of the Flask Mega-Tutorial to keep it in line with new releases of Flask, Python and third-party dependencies.

To celebrate this update, you can purchase the paid version of this course with a $10 USD discount (this offer is valid through the rest of July 2021). If you are interested in this offer, use the FLASK2 promotional code at checkout, or click here to go directly to the order page with the coupon added. Thank you!

Rendering a table with data in a Flask template is a relatively simple task when the table is short, but can be incredibly hard for larger tables that require features such as sorting, pagination and searching. In this article I'm going to show you how to integrate the dataTables.js library in your templates, which will allow you to create fully featured tables with ease!

This is the fourth article in my series about working with a combined Flask and React project. In this part I'm going to cover how to deploy the application in Docker containers.

How can you update a part of a web page dynamically, without the user having to hit the refresh button on the browser?

This is a question that is frequently asked on the Internet. If you have some knowledge of JavaScript this is relatively easy to do, more so if you use a front end web framework such as React or Vue. But what if you have a standard web application written in Flask and Jinja templates?

In this article I'm going to introduce you to my Turbo-Flask extension, which will allow your Flask application to easily push asynchronous page updates to the browser, without having to write any JavaScript code. In the screenshot below, note how the CPU load numbers update without the user doing anything.