A common feature in web applications is to let users upload files to the server. The HTTP protocol documents the mechanism for a client to upload a file in RFC 1867, and our favorite web framework Flask fully supports it, but there are many implementation details that fall outside of the formal specification that are unclear for many developers. Things such as where to store uploaded files, how to use them afterwards, or how to protect the server against malicious file uploads generate a lot of confusion and uncertainty.

In this article I'm going to show you how to implement a robust file upload feature for your Flask server that is compatible with the standard file upload support in your web browser as well as the cool JavaScript-based upload widgets:

Sometimes it is useful to quickly access your Flask application running on localhost from another device or location for testing purposes. In this article I'll show you how to use the pyngrok package to provision a temporary public URL for your application that works from your phone or from anywhere in the world!

A question that I frequently get is how to start tracking database migrations with my Flask-Migrate extension when the project has an established database, making it impossible to delete everything and start over from scratch. In this article and companion video I'm going to show you how to set up Flask-Migrate with zero risk for your current database.

Welcome to the second part of my "React + Flask" series. In this episode we are going to deploy our project on a production server!

Have you missed the first part of this tutorial? You can find it here.

One of the questions I get asked more often lately is how to create a project that combines a React frontend with a Flask backend. Instead of giving vague answers I decided to write a tutorial about it, including a video in which I go through the steps to create a simple but fully functional React+Flask project.

As a follow up to my Setting Up a Flask Application in PyCharm article, today I'm going to show you how to set up your project with Visual Studio Code (Code, for short), which is a free and open source integrated development environment from Microsoft with great support for Python. Like I did in the previous article, you can see me going through all the required steps to set up an example project in the video below. After the video, I provide a short written summary of the process.

When you deploy your application on a server, you need to make sure the application runs uninterrupted. If the application crashes, you'd want it to automatically restart, and if the server experiences a power outage, you'd want the application to start immediately once power is restored. Basically what you need is something that keeps an eye on the application and restarts it if it ever finds that it isn't running anymore.

In previous tutorials, I showed you how to implement this using supervisord, which is a third party utility written in Python. Today I'm going to show you a similar solution based on systemd, which is a native component in many Linux distributions including Debian derivatives such as Ubuntu and RedHat derivatives such as Fedora and CentOS.

One of the useful features of my Flask-SocketIO extension is the test client, which allows you to write Socket.IO unit tests. A long time limitation of the test client was that it did not see cookies set by Flask, such as the user session. This complicated writing Socket.IO tests for applications that require authentication, because most authentication mechanisms write something to the user session or a custom cookie. The use case that caused pain to a lot of developers was applications that use Flask-Login combined with Flask-SocketIO. To unit test such an application you had to resort to weird tricks such as mocking the current_user variable.

I recently came up with a solution to this problem, so I'm glad to report that this limitation is now a thing of the past. In this short article I want to show you how to set up your project to take advantage of the new cookie support in the Socket.IO test client.

In this short article and video I want to give you a few tips on setting up a PyCharm project for your Flask application. The idea is to set up a Flask application so that it can be executed, debugged, and tested from inside PyCharm Community Edition, which is fantastic IDE for Python that is completely free to download and use. If you want to see me go through the exercise, watch the video below. Then you can come to the article if you want a quick reference and summary of the steps required.

In this live webcast I explain how to prevent circular dependency errors in Python. Most of this presentation is a live coding session in which I refactor a single-file Flask application into a fully fleshed out structure with multiple packages and modules, demonstrating how I completely avoid circular dependencies.